Rumus Singkat 16 Tenses

1. Simple Present
+ S + Verb-1 + s/es + O
- S + do/does + Verb-1 + O
? Do/does + S + Verb-1 + O ?
2. Present Continous
+ S + (is,am,are) + Verb-ing + O
- S + (is,am,are) + Not + Verb-ing + O
? (is,am,are) + S + Verb-ing + O ?
3. Present Perfect
+ S + Have/has + Verb-3 + O
- S + Have/has + Not + Verb-3 + O
? Have/has + S + Verb-3 + O ?
4. Present Perfect Continous
+ S + have/has + been + Ving + O
- S + have/has + Not + been + Ving + O
? Have/has + S + been + Ving + O?
5. Simple Past
+ S + V2 + O
- S + did + Not + V-1 + O
? Did + S + V2 + O?
6. Past Continous
+ S + (was/were) + Ving + O
- S + (was/were) + Not + Ving + O
? (was/were) + S + Ving + O ?
7. Past Perfect
+ S + had + v3 + O
- S + had + not + v3 + O
? had + S + v3 + O ?
8. Past Perfect Continous
+ S + had + been + ving + O
- S + had + + Not + been + ving + O
?  Had + S + been + ving + O ?
9. Simple Future
+ S + Will/shall + V1 + O
- S + Will/shall + Not + V1 + O
? Will/shall + S + V1 + O ?
10. Future Continous
+ S + will/shall + be + Ving + O
- S + will/shall + Not + be + Ving + O
? will/shall + S + be + Ving + O?
11. Future Perfect
+ S + will/shall + have + V3 + O
- S + will/shall + Not + have + V3 + O
? will/shall + S + have + V3 + O?
12. Future Perfect Continous
+ S + will/shall + have + been + Ving + O
- S + will/shall + Not + have + been + Ving + O
? will/shall + S + have + been + Ving + O?
13. Simple Past Future
+ S + would/should + V1 + O
- S + would/should + Not + V1 + O
? would/should + S + V1 + O?
14. Past Future Continous
+ S + would/should + be + Ving + O
- S + would/should + Not + Be + Ving + O
? would/should + S + Be + Ving + O?
15. Past Future Perfect
+ S + would/should + Have + V3 + O
- S + would/should + Not + Have + V3 + O
? would/should + S + Have + V3 + O?
16. Past Future Perfect Continous
+ S + would/should + Have + Been + Ving + O
- S + would/should + Not + Have + Been + VIng + O
? would/should + S + Have + Been + Ving + O?

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Macam - macam Tenses

1. Present Tense (Waktu Sekarang)

a. Simple Present Tense (Waktu Sekarang Sederhana)

Rumus :

+ } S + V1 + O/C
- } S + Do/does + not + V1 + O/C
? } Do/does + S + V1 + O/C

Example :

+ } Sisca Reads book everyday
- } Sisca does not Read book everyday
? } does Sisca Read book everyday

Yes He does / No He does not (doesn’t)
For I, We, You, They = do
He, She, It = Does

Contoh kalimat :

(+) She is a new people here.
(+) He plays football every morning
(-) She isn’t a new people here.
(-) He does not playing football every morning.
(?) Is she a new people here?
(?) How playing football every morning?

b. Present Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sekarang)

Menerangkan suatu perbuatan yabg sedang berlangsungpada waktu sekarang.

Rumus :

+ } S + Be + V1 + ing + O/C >> + } They are playing badmintoon now
- } S + Be + not + V1 + ing + O/C >> – } They are not playing badmintoon now
? } Be + S + V1 + ing + O/C >> ? } Are they palaying badmintoon now ?

Yes They are / no they are not
For I = am
They, we, you = are
He, She, It = Is

Contoh dalam kalimat :

(+) He is playing badminton now
(-) He isn’t playing badminton now.
(?) Is he playing badminton now.

c. Present Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Sekarang)

Rumus :

subject+auxiliary verb+main verb

Contoh :

(+) you have eaten mine.
(-) she has not been to Rome
(?) have you finished?

d. Present Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Sekarang)

Rumus :

(+): S + have/has + been + Ving
(-): S + have/has + not + been + Ving
(?): Have/has + S + been + Ving

Contoh :

(+) She has been going to Malang since evening.
(+) We have been riding a horse for three days
(-) She hasn’t been going to Malang since evening.
(-) We haven’t been riding a horse for three days.
(?) Has she been going to Malang ?
(?) Have He been riding a horse for three days ?





2. Past Tense (Waktu Lampau)

a. Simple Past Tense (Waktu Lampau Sederhana)

Rumus :

S+V2+O/C

+} S+Be+Was/Were+O/C

-} S+Be+Was/Were+not+O/C
?} Be+Was/Were+ S+O/C

Example :

+} We were at school yesterday
-} We were not at school yesterday
?} were we at school yesterday ?

For 
I, He, She, It = Was
They, we, you = were

Contoh :

(+) I saw a good film last night
(+) He came here last month
(-) I didn't see a good film last night
(-) He didn't come last month
(?) Did I a good film last night
(?) Did He here last month

b. Past Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Lampau)
Rumus :
(+): S + was/were + Ving
(-): S + was/were + NOT + Ving
(?): Was/Were + S + Ving

Contoh :

(+) He was watching television all afternoon last week
(+) They were talking about sport when I met him
(-) He wasn’t watching television all afternoon last week
(-) They weren’t talking about sport when I met him
(?) Was He watching television all afternoon last week
(?) Were they talking about sport when I met him

c. Past Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Lampau)
Rumus :
subject+auxiliary verb HAVE+main verb

(+): S + had + V3
(-): S + had + not + V3
(?): Had + S + V3

Contoh :

(+) When my brother arrived , I had painted my motor cycle
(+) The ship had left before I arrived
(-) When my brother arrived , I hadn’t painted my motor cycle
(-) The ship hadn’t left before I arrived
(?) Had I my motor cycle , when my brother arrived ?
(?) Had the ship left before I arrived?

d. Past Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Lampau)
Rumus :
subject+auxiliary verb HAVE+auxiliary verb BE+main verb

Contoh :
(+) They had been living there for two month
(+) When they washed my drees , your father had been playing badminton
(-) They hadn’t been living there for two month
(-) When they washed my dress , your father hadn’t been playing badminton
(?) Had they been living there for two month?
(?) When they washed my dress , had your father been playing badminton ?





3. Future Tense (Akan Datang)

a. Simple Future Tense (Waktu Akan Datang Sederhana)
Rumus :
subject+auxiliary verb WILL+main verb

Contoh :
(+) I will visit to yogyakarta tomorrow.
(+) he will met girl friend by seven o’clock
(?) Will he go to America next month?
(+) President shall at Nederland the day after tomorrow.
(-) President shall not at Nederland the day after tomorrow.
(?) Shall President at Nederland the day after tomorrow?

b. Future Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Akan Datang)
Rumus :
subject+auxiliary verb WILL+auxiliary verb BE+main verb

Contoh :
(+) I will be writing a comic.
(+) I will be studying tomorrow night.
(-) I will not writing a comic.
(-) I will not be studying tomorrow night.
(?) Will I be writing a comic ?
(?) Will I be studying tomorrow night ?

c. Future Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Akan Datang)
Rumus :
subject+auxiliary verb WILL+auxiliary verb HAVE+main verb

Contoh :
(+) Iwill havefinishedby 10am.
(+) Youwill haveforgottenme by then.
(-) Shewillnothavegoneto school.
(-) Wewillnothaveleft.
(?) Willyou havearrived?
(?) Willthey havereceivedit?

d. Future Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Akan Datang)
Rumus :
subject+auxiliary verb WILL+auxiliary verb HAVE+auxiliary verb BE+main verb

Contoh :
(+) I will have been reading a news paper.
(+) He will have been listening music.
(-) I will haven’t been reading a news paper.
(-) He will haven’t listening a music.
(?) Will I have been riding a news paper ?
(?) Will He have listening a music ?




4. Past Future Tense (Akan Datang Di Waktu Lampau)

a. Past Future Tense (Waktu Akan Datang Di Waktu Lampau)
Rumus :
Positif: S + would + V1
Negatif: S + would + not + V1
Tanya: Would + S + V1

Contoh :
(+) He would come if you invited him.
(+) They would buy a home the previous day.
(-) He wouldn’t come if invited him.
(-) They wouldn’t buy a home the previous day.
(?) Would He come if invited him ?
(?) Would they buy a home the previous day ?

b. Past Future Continuous Tense (Waktu Akan Sedang Terjadi Diwaktu Lampau)
Rumus :
Positif: S + would + be + Ving
Negatif: S + would + not + be + Ving
Tanya: Would + S + be + Ving

Contoh :
(+) I should be swimming at this time the following day.
(+) I shall be sliping at 10 o’clock tomorrow.
(-) I shouldn’t be swimming at this time the following day.
(-) I shalln’t be sleeping at 10 o’clock tomorrow.
(?) Shall I be swimming at this time the following day ?
(?) Shall I be sleeping at10 o’clock tomorrow ?

c. Past Future Perfect Tense (Waktu Akan Sudah Selesai Di Waktu Lampau)
Rumus :
Positif: S + would + have + V3
Negatif: S + would + not + have + V3
Tanya: Would + S + have + V3

Contoh :
(+) He would have graduated if he had studies hard.
(+) Nonok will have studied moth by the end of this week.
(-) He wouldn’t have gone if he had met his darling
(-) Nonok will have not studied month by the end of this week
(?) Would He have gone if he had met his darling ?
(?) Will Nonok have studied month by the end of this week ?

d. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
(Waktu Yang Sudah Sedang Berlangsung Pada Waktu Lampau)

Rumus :
Positif: S + would + have + been + Ving
Negatif: S + would + not + have + been + Ving
Tanya: Would + S + have + been + Ving

Contoh :
Rianawati would have been speaking English for two years
(+) Mrs. Anisa Munif would have been walking here for seventeen years
(+) Rianawati would have been speaking English for two years
(-) Mrs. Anisa Munif wouldn’t have been walking here for seventeen year
(-) Rianawati wouldn’t have been speaking English for two years
(?) Would Mrs. Anisa Munif have been walking here for seventeen years?
(?) Would Rianawati have been speaking English for two years?

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Kumpulan Materi English

NEWS ITEM
A. FLASHLIGHT
Inti dari text/genre berbentuk NEWS ITEM adalah mencertakan kejadian-kejadian yang patut dan penting untuk dijadikan sebuah berita. News item biasanya terdapat pada surat kabar, televise ataupun di radio misalnya berita tentang bencana Tsunami di Aceh, penangkapan seorang penjahat dan sebagainya.

Istilah-istilah penting yang perlu diketahui dalam News Item genre:
Ø Material process: disebut juga dengan istilah “action Verb” yaitu kata kerja yang mengacu pada aksi atau tindakan dari sitokoh. Misalnya; makan (eat/ate/eaten), tidur (sleep/slept), berenang (swim/swam/swum) dll.
Ø Verbal Process: disebut juga dngan istilah behavioral process atau Speaking Verbs. Misalnya; (say, said, told,etc).
Ø Circumstances: adalah urutan-urutan kejadian.

B. TEXT SUMMARY
Social function/Communicative Approach/Purpose: to inform readers, listeners or viewers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important.

Generic Structure/Text Organization:
Ø Newsworthy Events : Recounts the events in summary form
Ø Background events : Elaborate what happened, to whom, in what
                                          circumstances
Ø Sources : Comments by participants in, witnesses to and
                                               authorities expert on the event

Language Features
Ø Short, telegraphic information about story captured in headline
Ø Use of Material Process to retell the even (action Verb).
Ø Use verbal Process.
Ø Focus on circumstance

1. TEXT MODELLING
Read the text carefully!
Title


Man Jailed for Striking RI Maid

News worthy Event
SINGAPORE: a supervisor was jailed for two months for repeatedly striking his Indonesian maid on the head and back with a television remote control, news report said on Thursday.

Background
Event 1
Muhammad Shaffiq Woon Abdullah admitted in a Singapore court he physically abused the woman on several occasions between June and October 2002, the Strait Times said.

Event 2
The magistrate’s court heard that Shafiq, 31, began striking Winarti, 22, about a month after she started working for him.

Event 2
He hit her on the head with the TV set’s remote control because he was unhappy with her work. On one occasion, he punched her on the back after accusing her of daydreaming
Source

S.S. Dhillon, Shafiq’s lawyer, said his client lost his “better sense” when he saw is daughter‘s face covered as she lay in bed.

He said his client thought the maid had put the child in danger. DPA


Answer these questions!
1. Why was the man jailed?
2. What makes this event newsworthy?
· _________________________

3. Find the fact why the man must be jailed!
· _________________________
· _________________________
· _________________________
· _________________________

4. the reason why the man abused the maid:
· _________________________

5. Source of news:
· _________________________

2. JOINT CONSTRUCTION OF THE TEXT
Arrange the following jumbled paragraph;

(   )   A. the Malaysian authorities said recently they would soon deports hundreds of thousands of illegal workers from abroad, including Indonesia._JP

(   )   B.  SAMARINDA, East Kalimantan: The deportation of Indonesian workers from Malaysia has continued, with 1,000 to 3,000arriving everyday in Nuukan Regency, East Kalimantan, a local official said on Saturday.

(   )  C.  The workers arriving are not only those deported but also others wanting to arrange the extension of their immigration documents,” said Kashmir Foret, the Nunukan deputy regent, who also serves as the task force coordinator for the problems associated with returning workers.

(   )   D. He said, however, the arrival of illegal workers would cause serious worries if they reached 5,000 or more per day. His administration would ask the provincial and central governments to help deal with the problem.

(   )   E. More workers arrive from KL.




REPORT
A. FLAHLIGHT
Inti dari text berbentuk report adalah menginformasikan, menggambarkan, mendeskripsikan, atau mengklasifikasikan suatu fenomena yang ada di lingkingan kita baik itu berupa benda, tanaman, binatang dsb yang bersifat umum. Text berbentuk report ini hamper sama dengan Deskriptive, yang membedakannya hanya terletak pada subjeknya. Report biasanya berlaku general/umum sedangkan deskriptif bersifat khusus.

Istilah penting dalam Report genre;
Ø Generic participant: tokoh cerita bersifat umum/general berlaku pada semua.
Ø No temporal sequence: tidak menggunakan kata-kata penghubung waktu seperti; firstly, second, third, dsb.
Ø Relational process disebut juga dengan istilah Linking Verbs yang menghubungkan subjek pelengkap, misalnya;to be, consist of, function as, derive from, to be classified into, to be identified as, etc.
Ø Special Nouns: penggunaan kata benda khusus untuk menunjukkan cirri-ciri dari  subjek seperti; features, forms, functions, species, etc.
Ø Special technical terms: penggunaan kata-kata khusus, misalnya; bagian tubuh (brain, vein, etc), bagian batang ( steem, root,etc).

B. TEXT SUMMARY
Social function/Communicative Approach/Purpose: To describe the way things are, with reference to a range of natural, man-made, and social phenomena in our environment.

Generic Structure/Text Organization;
Ø Title : indicate the topic of the report
Ø General statement : introduces the topic of the report
Ø Description : provides the details of topic such as Physical
                                     appearance, behavior, landform and uses (typically
                                     organized in paragraph.

Language Features:
Ø Simple present tense
Ø Use of relational process
Ø Use of special nouns that denotes the character of things
Ø Use of special technical terms
Ø No temporal sequences

1. TEXT MODELLING
TITLE


TORNADOS

General classification
A tornado is a powerful, twisting windstorm. It is one of the most destructive of all the storms that we have seen on earth. A tornado is also called a waterspout.

Description
o Parts
o Qualities
o Habit/behavior
A tornado is a long cloud which comes down from the sky. It likes a funnel and consists of wind which whirls around and around extremely fast. In fact, the wind can reach a speed of more than 900 km per hour.

Weather scientists are unable to know exactly when tornados will occur. Fortunately, the tornado is not usually very big and it does not last long.

Answer these questions based on the text above:
1. the type of the text above is called a ___________________
2. the generic structure of the text consists of; ___________and_____________
3. the function of the text is __________________
4. the text tells us about ____________________________
5. what tense is mostly used in the text ___________________
6. What is the focus participant of the text? (What is the text mainly telling us about?)
7. Is there temporal sequence?
8. find some sentences in text that use relational process verbs:
o A tornado is powerful, twisting windstorm.
o _________________________________
o _________________________________
o _________________________________
o _________________________________
o _________________________________


2. JOINT CONSTRUCTION OF THE TEXT

Fill in the blank spaces with words provided in the box!
Horizontal tail indeed
Smooth air fluids
Thickness sea fish
Length earth external

WHALES
Whales are 1_______ mammals. They therefore breathe 2_______ but cannot survive on land. Some species are very large 3_______ and the blue whale, which can exceed 30 meters 4______, is the largest animal to have lived on earth. Superficially, the whale looks rather like a 5______, but there are important differences in its 6_______ structure; its 7_______ consists of a pair of broad, flat horizontal 8______, compared with the tail of a fish that is vertical. It has a single 9 ________on top of its large, broad head. The skin is10 ________ and shiny and beneath it lies a layer of fat. This is up to 30 cm in 11________ and serves to conserve heat and body 12________.










NARRATIVE
“Semua .. Sesungguhnya hanyalah kepada Allah aku mengadukan kesusahan dan kesedihanku dan aku mengetahui dari Allah apa yang kau tiada mengetahuinya..’
(QS. Yusuf:86)

A. FLASHLIGHT
Inti dari text/genre berbentuk narrative adalah cerita hiburan yang berisi berbagai permasalahan (crisis) dan berujung pada masalh penyelesaian tersebut (resolution). Cerita berbentuk narrative bias berupa fiksi dan nonfiksi. Cerita fiksi misalnya; legenda, fable, cerita rakyat, dsb. Sedangkan cerita nonfiksi bias berupa cerita kejadian nyata dimasa lampau yang penuh degan konlik/crisis sekaligus terdapat alur penyelesaiannya, misalnya cerita tentang orang-orang yang selamat dari terjangan tsunami yang melanda aceh berikut perjuangannya menyelamatkan diri.

Istilah-istilah penting yang terdapat dalam text berbentuk narrative;
Ø specific/individual participant: tokoh cerita bersifat khusus yang mengacu pada satu atau beberapa individu  dan tidak belaku pada general/umum.
Ø Material process: disebut jug adengan istilah “Action Verbs” yaitu katakerja yang mengacu pada aksi atau tindakan dari si tokoh. Misalnya; eat, swim, sleep. etc.
Ø Behavioral Process: disebut juga dengan istilah “Verbal Process/Speaking Verbs” misalnya; say, said, tell, dsb.
Ø Relational process disebut juga dengan istilah Linking Verbs yang menghubungkan subjek pelengkap, misalnya;to be, consist of, function as, derive from, to be classified into, to be identified as, etc.
Ø Mental Process/Thinking Verbs: yaitu kata kerja yang yang berhubungan dengan persepsi panca indra. Misalnya; think, feel, guess, dsb.
Ø Temporal Conjunction: kata penghubung waktu yang menghubungkan kejadian yang sat dengan yang lain. Misalnya; firstly, then, next, after that, meanwhile, at that time, etc.
Ø Temporal Circumstance: keterangan waktu. Misalnya; once, once upon a time, etc.

B. TEXT SUMMARY
Narrative deals with problematic a event which leads to a crisis or turning point of some kind (climax), which in turns finds a resolution. For example; tales, historical story, horror story, fable, legend, myth, etc.

Social function/Communicative Approach/Purpose:
Ø To amuse or entertain the readers.
Ø To deal with actual /vicarious experience in different ways.

Generic Structure/Text Organization;
Ø Orientation : sets of the scene, where, when or introduce who is the participants.
Ø Evaluation : a stepping back to evaluate the plight.
Ø Complication : what problem did character have?
Ø Resolution : how was the problem solved?
Ø Coda (optional): attitude messages to the readers.

Language Features:
Ø Focus on specific or individual participant.
Ø Use of material process/action verbs
Ø Use of behavioral process/verbal process/saying verbs/speaking verbs
Ø Use of past tense
Ø Use of temporal conjunction and temporal sequence
Ø Direct

1. TEXT MODELLING
Read the text below carefully!
PINNOCHIO
PAST TENSE

SPECIFIC PARTICIPANT
ORIENTATION
Once upon a time, there lived a poor man named Gepetto, a carpenter. He made puppets from pieces of wood. He called his favorite puppet ‘Pinocchio’. I would love to be a father to a real boy,” he wished. One night, a fairy who knew that Gepetto was a good man, cast a magic spell over Pinocchio. The very next day, Geppetto awoke and was very happy to find that Pinocchio could walk, sit, sing, talk, and run.
Poor Gepetto wanted to send Pinocchio to school. He sold his only coat for a spelling book. “Now you can go to school like a real boy!” said Gepetto as he waved good bye to Pinocchio.
MATERIAL PROCESS

COMPLICATION
On the way to school, he met an evil fox who told him all about school and gave Fun Island. Pinocchio forgot all about school and gave the fox his spelling book in return for a ticket to Fn Island. “Where are you going Pinocchio?” asked the good fairy. “I am on my way to school,” lied Pinocchio. Pinocchio’s nose suddenly grew very long. He wished he hadn’t told lie. The fairy called a bird to peck at his long nose because Pinocchio was very sorry. He promised never to be naughty ever again and went straight to school. At school, Pinocchio told his friend all about Fun Island.
After school, together with his friends, he hurriedly went aboard a ship that was going to Fun Island. They didn’t know that on the island, little boys were turned into donkeys and they had to do very hard work. Pinocchio cried and wished he hadn’t come to the island. He also wished he hadn’t looked like a silly donkey. The fairy heard his wish and with a wave of her magic wand, he became Pinocchio again.
TEMPORAL CIRCUMSTANCE

RESOLUTION
Pinocchio sat on the shore, sadly looking out the sea. He wondered if he would ever see Gepetto again. Suddenly, he saw Gepetto who had sailed out to the sea in search of Pinocchio. Pinocchio waved his hand and they could meet again. They were both tired. They laid on the sand and fell asleep. When Gepetto awoke, Pinocchio had become a real boy. “At last my wish has come true!” cried Gepetto. After that, they lived happily ever after.

2. JOINT CONSTRUCTION OF THE TEXT

THE FLY AND THE BULL
There was once a little fly that thought he was very important. One sunny morning, he flew around looking for someone to talk to. He saw a bull grazing in a field. He decided to fly down to talk to him.
The little fly flew down and buzzed around the bull’s head. The bull did not bother with him. He went on chewing the grass. The fly then buzzed right inside the bull’s ear. The bull continued chewing the grass.
Now the fly decided to land on one of the bull’s horns to make the bull notice him. He waited for the bull to say something, but the bull kept quiet.
The fly then shouted angrily, “oh bull, if you find that I am too heavy for you, let me know and I’ll fly away”.
The bull laughed and said, “little fly, I don’t care if you stay or leave. You are so tiny that your weight doesn’t make any difference to me, so please be quiet and leave me alone”

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Materi Kelas XII

Standar Kompetensi     : 5. Memahami makna teks fungsional pendek dan esai sederhana

                                       berbentuk narrative, explanation dan discussion dalam konteks

                                       kehidupan sehari-hari dan untuk mengakses ilmu pengetahuan

Kompetensi Dasar        :5.2 Merespon makna dan langkah retorika dalam esai yang

                                       menggunakan ragam bahasa tulis secara akurat, lancar dan

                                       berterima dalam konteks kehidupan sehari-hari dan untuk

                                       mengakses ilmu pengetahuan dalam teks berbentuk : narrative,

                                       explanation dan discussion.

Materi Pembelajaran    :    -   Teks tertulis narrative

   -     Teks tertulis explanation

   -     Teks tertulis discussion

Indikator                        :

·           Mengidentifikasi makna kata dalam teks yang dibaca

·           Mengidentifikasi makna kalimat dalam teks yang dibaca

·           Mengpdentifikasi komplikasi dalam sebuah cerita narasi

·           Mengidentifikasi kejadian dalam teks yang dibaca

·           Mengidentifikasi proses sebuah peristiwa

·           Mengidentifikasi argumen yang pro dan kontra dalam teks

·           Mengidentifikasi langkah-langkah retorika dari teks

·           Mengidentifikasi tujuan komunikasi dari teks yang dibaca

Materi pokok / Uraian materi

Memahami makna teks  fungsional pendek dan esai sederhana berbentuk narrative

Kegiatan              : merespon makna dan langkah retorika dengan bahasa tulis dalam teks

                               berbentuk narrative

Tujuan :

1.Mengidentifikasi makna kata dalam teks yang dibaca

2.Mengidentifikasi makna kalimat dalam teks yang dibaca

3.Mengidentifikasi komplikasi dalam sebuah cerita narasi

4.Mengidentifikasi langkah-langkah retorika dari teks

5.Mengidentifikasi tujuan komunikasi dari teks yang dibaca

Sumber bacaan

                   Look ahead 3

                   An english course for senior high school students year XII

v  Text  Narrative

The wind and the sun

               One day the wind and the sun were disputing which was stronger. Suddenly they saw the traveller coming down the road.

The sun           :       I see a way to decide our dispute. Whichever of us can cause that

                                 Traveller to take off his cloak shall be regarded as the strongest.

The wind          :       Would you mind not talking so loudly ?

The sun            :       Sorry. Okay , you begin . I will retire behind a cloud .

The wind          :       I will blow as hard as I can and I will be the winner

The sun            :       Okay . Good luck.

The  wind         :       zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz I’m so tired. What is happening to me ? I shouldn’t

                                  give up. I have to blow harder . zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz.

              But the harder he blew the closer the traveller wrapped his cloak around him. Till at last the wind had to give up in despair.

              Then the sun came out and shone in all his glory upon the traveler, who soon found it too hot to walk with his cloak on .  

             

Narrative Text

·         Purpose            :         to amuse or entertain the readers

·         Text organization :

§  Orientation

§  Complication

§  Resolution

·         Language Features :

§  Simple past tense

                     Pattern

                    

                     ( + ) S + was / were + Adjective, adverb/noun

                    

                    

                     Examples :

                    

                      One day the Wind and  the Sun were disputing which  was stonger

                         S   +    V 2   +   O

                     Examples :

·           They saw a traveler coming down the road

·           The harder he blew the closer he wrapped

·           The sun came out

§  Indirect speech : use present tense .

 Answer the following questions !

1.   How many figures are there ? Mention them !

2.   Why were they disputing ?

3.   What did they do when they saw a traveller coming down the road ?

4.   Why did the Wind give up in despair ?

5.   Which one is stronger, the Wind or the Sun ?

6.   What can we learn from the story above ?

7.   Identify which sentences are :

Orientation               :        ............................................................

Complication             :        ............................................................

Resolution                :        ............................................................

8.   Find the synonim on the text above : fight : ..............     the street  :   .................

                                                              Start : .............     occur        :   .................

                                                              Yet   :  ............   stop         :   .................

                                                              Hopeless : .....    Step        :   .................

Memahami makna teks  fungsional pendek dan esai sederhana berbentuk explanation

Kegiatan              : merespon makna dan langkah retorika dengan bahasa tulis dalam teks

                               berbentuk explanation

Tujuan :

1.Mengidentifikasi makna kata dalam teks yang dibaca

2.Mengidentifikasi makna kalimat dalam teks yang dibaca

3.Mengidentifikasi proses sebuah peristiwa

4.Mengidentifikasi langkah-langkah retorika dari teks

5.Mengidentifikasi tujuan komunikasi dari teks yang dibaca

Sumber bacaan

                  

                   Look ahead 3

                   An english course for senior high school students year XII

v  Text Explanation

Making Paper From Woodchips

              Do you have any paper in your bag ? it may be a silly question but do you  know how to make paper ? What is paper made of ? right. And how about woodchipping ? have you heard about it ? Well, wood chipping is a process used  to obtain pulp and paper products from the trees.

              First of all,  the tops and branches of the trees are cut out and then the logs are taken out to the mill. At the mill, the bark of the logs is removed and the logs are taken to a chipper which cuts them into small pieces called woodchips. The woodchips are then screened to remove dirt and other impurities. At this stage they are exported in this form or changed into the pulp by chemicals and heat. Then the pulp is bleached and the water content is removed. Finally, the pulp is rolled out to make paper.

              Considering the complexity of making paper, let’s use any paper on our   hands more effectively.

Explanation Text

·         Purpose            :         to explain the process involved in the formation and working of

     natural or sociocultural phenomena

·         Text organization :

§  A general statement to position the reader

§  A sequenced explanation of why or how something occurs

§  Closing

·         Language Features :

§  Simple present tense

                     Pattern

                    

                     ( + ) S + is/am/are + Adjective, adverb/noun

                    

                    

                     Example :

                    

                      Woodchipping is a process used to obtain pulp (p.1 )

                         S +  V1 (s/es ) + O

§  Passive voice

                           S + is/am /are + V3

                     Example :

                     The top and the branches of the trees are cut out

                     The logs are taken to the mill

                     The barks of the logs is removed

                     The woodchips are screened

                     The pulp is bleached

                     The pulp is rolled out to make paper

§  Sentence conectors

                     First.................

                     Then......................

                     After that.......................

                     Next.......................

                     Meanwhile .....................

                     Later...................................

                     Finally ..........................

Answer the following questions !

1.   Find the synonim of the words below on the text above :

      Posses :..................     Stupid  :............................  yet      : ........................

      Listen   : ...................    get       : ............................ bring   : ...................

      Alter     : ....................  .lastly    : ............................

2 . Find the antonym of the words below on the text above

     Smart         >< .........................big   >< ................. cold   >< .....................

     Remember >< ....................   .false >< ..................never >< .................

3.  Identify in which paragraph are general statement, sequenced explanation and closing .?

4. What is the purpose of the text ?

5. What are woodchips ?

6. Tell us the process of making paper with your own word !

  

Memahami makna teks  fungsional pendek dan esai sederhana berbentuk

discussion

Kegiatan              : merespon makna dan langkah retorika dengan bahasa tulis dalam teks

                               berbentuk discussion

Tujuan :

1.Mengidentifikasi makna kata dalam teks yang dibaca

2.Mengidentifikasi makna kalimat dalam teks yang dibaca

3.Mengidentifikasi proses sebuah peristiwa

4.Mengidentifikasi langkah-langkah retorika dari teks

5.Mengidentifikasi tujuan komunikasi dari teks yang dibaca

Sumber bacaan

                  

                   Look ahead 3

 Materi pokok / Uraian materi

v  Text Discussion

The controversy of harnessing solar energy

              We often hear about solar cars, solar heating and solar batteries. But will solar energy ever be the major source of energy for society ?

              Solar energy is cheaper than other fossil fuels because we can get an abundant source from the sun.

              In sunny desert areas, 50% of the sun’s radiation that reaches the ground could be used to produce electricity for business and industry, to provide heat, light, and hot water for homes. Experimental solar ponds can also produce hot water  to drive generators.

              Unfortunately, we can’t yet power our homes entirely on sunlight.

              Solar energy can only be used effectively in bright light. Its greatest potential therefore is in hot countries that have clear skies for most of the year. But, unfortunately most houses are not always in the sunniest part of the world. Moreover, in order to harness solar power , solar cells are needed to convert sunlight directly into electricity. Solar cells are very cheap to run, but relatively expensive to buy and many people can’t afford them.

              Needless to say, solar energy is useful and non pollution source of energy. However, solar cells the main device to harness the sun’s energy are still very expensive.

Discussion Text

·         Purpose            :         to present information and opinions about more than one side

                                   of an issue ( for pins and against points )

·         Text organization :

§  Opening statement presenting the issue

§  Argumentts for different points of view ( pros and cons )

§  Conclusion

·         Language Features :

§  The use of general nouns

Example : alcohol, abortion, smoking, drugs etc

§  The use of thinking verbs

Example : think, feel, hope, believe etc

§   The use of additive connective

Example : in addition, furthermore, besides etc

§  The use o contrastive connectives

Example : although, nevertheless even if etc.

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